HIS 3311 The Reformation
After 1517, the Western church broke apart, affecting radically the unity of European culture and civilization. Luther, Calvin and Zwingli reshaped religious thought and institutions. At the same time, the Roman Catholic Church underwent a renewal which has affected it to this very day. All of this was accomplished by bitter religious and political wars, but also by the rise of modern science, visionary social schemes and feverish artistic activity.